In this research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, some quasifrequency PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in Russian are investigated and compared with what is happening in Persian. PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES are the effects of neighboring phonemes in words of a language, although these PROCESSES can occur in unpolluted phonemes and sometimes between the two words. One of the most important and complex topics studied in phonology is PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Each of these PROCESSES may be more frequent in one language than another, or, depending on the particular phonetic features of a language, it may not be possible a PHONOLOGICAL process or particular type of a PHONOLOGICAL process. These PROCESSES occur in fewer or more frequencies depending on their specific phonetic features in all languages of the world. The questions we are looking for in this article are: What are the PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of Russian and Persian languages? Despite the phonetic differences between the Russian and Persian languages, are there similarities between the PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of these two languages? What are the differences between the PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of these two languages? The research hypothesis is that PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in Russian and Persian languages are not fully compatible. In this article, first, some of the PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES are described in Russian, and then the same process is examined in Persian language. The purpose of this analysis is to answer the research question that finds similarities and differences in PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in two languages by studying and comparing the exact PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of the two languages. Many PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES, such as the “ assimilation” , the “ metathesis” , “ dissimilation” in the Russian and Persian languages, are similar, but some of them, like “ assimilation of soft consonants” and “ dieresis” in Persian due to its specific phonetic features can’ t be occur. The PHONOLOGICAL process of “ vowel and Consonant harmony with manner of articulation” in Persian is examined in the section “ assimilation” and is known as “ consonant assimilation” and “ vowel assimilation” in the Persian language, whereas in Russian since vowels and consonants refer to sounds of different types and to the end, as a rule, they cannot be assimilated to each other and the term “ assimilation” cannot be applied to them. The PHONOLOGICAL process of “ regressive assimilation of soft consonants” that occurs in Russian is not possible in Persian because there are fifteen pairs of hard and soft consonants in Russian (thirty consonants in total) and some paired hard consonants become soft in specific situations; but in Persian, there is no paired soft consonant with their hard counterparts.

This research aims at the description and analysis of some aspects of the phonology of Dibaji variety from the perspective of Standard Generative Phonology. Dibaji is classified as one of the Caspian varieties of Western Iranian Languages family. The Dibaji dialect is spoken in the city of Dibaj, located in the North of Damghan city in Semnan province. The required data were collected through completing questionnaires and interviewing with five native speakers (mainly older than 45 illiterate and less educated). One of the authors of the present research is also a native speaker of Dibaji. This research is descriptive-analytical.The data are transcribed in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES studied in the research are assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, insertion, lenition, and metathesis. The PROCESSES are selected based on their frequent occurrence in the corpus and their remarkable differences with the existing PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in Standard Farsi. After describing each PHONOLOGICAL process, the related PHONOLOGICAL rule was formulated to account for the existing regularity. If there is any rule interaction with other existing rules in this research, it is introduced and discussed accordingly.

This paper investigates some of the current PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in Delvari dialect. These PROCESSES are as follow: vowel raising (the change from re to e in the open non-final syllable sræfrer to safær), vowel harmony (harmony of short vowels, re, e, 0 with long vowels a, i, u as in saheb to sahav), compensatory lengthening (consonant deletion and vowel length ening as in poxt to po: t), assimilation (the change oft to s in the consonant cluster st as in bæste to bæsse in which complete assimilation is seen), weakening (the change of b to v and sometimes w as in xæbær to xævær), insertion (glide insertion as in tʃu+oku to tʃu-w-oku), and deletion (deletion of n at the end of the word as in nan to nu).The data was collected from ten male and female illiterate to educated native speakers within the age range of 17 to 65 within ten hours of interview.Then, on the basis of descriptive-analytic method and within the framework of transformational-generative phonology, phonetic contexts and changes were analyzed. In order to have a correct understanding of the roots of the words in the dialect, in addition to the PHONOLOGICAL study, historical and morphological aspects were studied. In this dialect, the PROCESSES of weakening and deletion are more productive than others. Also, some of the PROCESSES appl ied for deriving acceptable syllable structures in phonotactics of this dialect.

This research at making a comparison between PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in complex and compound Persian words. Data are gathered from a 40, 000-word Persian dictionary. To catch some results, 4, 034 complex words and 1, 464 compound ones are chosen. To count the data, "excel" software is used. Some results of the research are: 1- "Insertion" is the usual PHONOLOGICAL process in complex words...

This article provides an overview of natural PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in the dialect of Sistani Persian spoken in Iranian Sistan, and reviews theoretical implications of these PROCESSES. A representative selection of PROCESSES in the language is examined in reference to conditioning by surrounding segments and conditioning in reference to syllable structure. While assimilation and dissimilation are tied to segmental context, deletion, epenthesis and metathesis are considered in light of syllable structure requirements. Synchronically, natural PROCESSES include those that are of an allophonic nature as well as those which involve morphoPHONOLOGICAL alternation. The description of these phenomena is corroborated by a discussion of the application of natural PROCESSES in diachronic changes. The authors show that, in some cases, the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is violated in Sistani Persian. This phenomenon is attributed not to language-internal factors, but rather to the generalization of marked structures as a result of interference from Standard Persian.

Based on the language variety of the "Ochgonbad Soltan" village, the present paper deals with the description and the analysis of a number of frequent PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of Bijar Turkish language. In order to collect data, four Bijar Turkish speakers, four hours recorded speech and the provided questionnaire according to dialect studies have been used. One of the authors as a native speaker of Bijar Turkish, has been assured of data correctness. Vowel harmony in plural suffix /-λ{ρ/and /- λAρ/ infinitive marker /-μεχ/and /-μAξ/, assimilation between consonant and vowel, vowel harmony in adding past suffix, changing of voiceless consonants to voiced ones, vowel inserting through final consonant clusters in loan words which are existed in Bijar Turkish language, are of the most frequent PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Presenting a good number of evidences, the PROCESSES would be analyzed and the corresponding rules would be pointed out. The data and rules would help to reexamine that the PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES mentioned above, exist in Bijar Tukish and involved features in each process take part independently and apart from the other features.    

Tālishi is one of the northwestern Iranian dialects, spoken in southwest borders of Caspian Seain Guilān, and also in Ardebil and the Republic of Azerbāijān. Considering dialectical and geographical characteristics, it can be classified into three major groups: northern, central and southern. No linguistic description about Anbarāni variety of northern Tālishi dialect has yet been carried out, while it’s an endangered Iranian dialect, saving characteristics of old and middle Persian. In this paper, the most frequent PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of northern Tāi (Anbarāi variety) have been investigated according to changes from Old Persian and compared to Modern Persian. The PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES included final vowel omission, raising, centralization, length reduction, weakening or lenition amd strengthening or fortition. The data were collected through field study and based on the author’s linguistic intuition as a native speaker and also through interview with native speakers. The Old and Middle Persian data have been collected through library research. If there was none of the required words in the written documents, or if they were not accessible, they have been reconstructed.

In this article, the most important PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES of Kalhori Kurdish dialect have been analyzed on the basis of “generative theory”. To achieve this goal, the researchers collected data from 13 informants by interviewing with them, who were in all range of ages and all educational sections. Also one of the researchers is a native speaker of this dialect. We used written sources and ducuments like thesises, articles, and books as the background of the research. The gathered data were written according to the “IPA” alphabets. Method of research was descriptive-analytic in generative framework. Data analysis showed these PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES: assimilation and deletion in the middle and end of the word, insertion in the middle of the word, lenition, fortition, and metathesis. Deletion and lenition are very active, and insertion is very passive in these PROCESSES.

Background and Aim: Some children with speech sound disorder (SSD) have difficulty with PHONOLOGICAL awareness skills; therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey the correlation between PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES and PHONOLOGICAL awareness.Methods: Twenty-one children with speech sound disorder, aged between 5 and 6, participated in this cross-sectional study. They were recruited from speech therapy clinics at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They were selected using the convenience sampling method. Language, speech sound, and PHONOLOGICAL awareness skills were investigated by the test of language development-third edition (TOLD-3), the Persian diagnostic evaluation articulation and phonology test, and the PHONOLOGICAL awareness test. Both Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations were used to analyze the data.Results: There was a significant correlation between the atypical PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES and alliteration awareness (p=0.005), rhyme awareness (p=0.009), blending phonemes (p=0.006), identification of words with the same initial phoneme (p=0.007), and identification of words with the same final phoneme (p=0.007). Analyzing the correlation on the basis of the phoneme and syllable structure separately showed there was a significant correlation between the atypical phoneme structure and alliteration awareness (p=0.001), rhyme awareness (p=0.008), blending phonemes (p=0.029), identification of words with the same initial phoneme (p=0.007), and identification of words with the same final phoneme (p=0.003).Conclusion: Results revealed a relationship between PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES and PHONOLOGICAL awareness in children with speech sound disorder. Poor PHONOLOGICAL awareness was associated with atypical PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES especially at the phoneme level.

The current research delves into PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES in the Sanandaji dialect of Sorani Kurdish within the framework of prosodic phonology. Prosodic phonology, a prominent approach in this field, offers a practical method for defining the scope of each PHONOLOGICAL rule through seven prosodic constituents. This approach emphasizes the interaction between grammar and phonology. By examining specific PHONOLOGICAL rules, the paper aims to provide evidence for each prosodic constituent in the Sanandaji dialect of Kurdish. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that the application of PHONOLOGICAL rules in this language is heavily influenced by syntactic content and the lexical category of the word. Additionally, it highlights that the application of the rule varies in homonymous words with different lexical categories.